Q.1. Suggest methods to check the present population growth rate in India.
Answer- The present population rate in India can be checked by the following ways:
- By increasing the age of marriage for boys and girls to 21 years and 18 years respectively.
- By educating people about the benefits of family planning.
- By promoting the use of contraceptives.
- By making people aware of the cons of uncontrolled population rise.
- Couples with small families should be provided with incentives
Q.2. Which reproduction related aspects should be taught at the school level?
Answer- The following reproduction related aspects should be taught at the school level:
- Proper information should be provided regarding the reproductive organs, hygienic sexual practices, and sexually transmitted diseases.
- Problems arising due to population increase, sex abuse, etc.
- Educating them about birth control measures.
- Postnatal care of mother and child, the significance of breastfeeding, care during pregnancy.
Q.3.What is the significance of Reproductive Health?
Answer- According to the WHO- World Health Organisation the Reproductive health refers to the physical, mental and social well-being of an individual in all matters related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Listed below are the significance or the main objectives behind the reproductive health.
1. It educates every youth about sexual and reproductive health.
2. It creates awareness among adolescents about safe sexual practices.
3. It helps in preventing sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS.
4. It protects both the mother and the child from infectious diseases and to deliver a healthy baby.
5. It provides complete knowledge about the early pregnancy, infertility, birth control methods, pregnancy, post-childbirth care of the baby and mother, etc
Q.4. List some important steps for improving the reproductive health standards in India.
Answer- Following steps can be taken to improve the reproductive health standards in India:
- Educating people about the birth control measures, prenatal and postnatal care of the mother, significance of breastfeeding.
- Educating them about safe and hygienic sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases.
- Educating the school going children about the sex-related aspects.
- A legal ban on the checking of the gender of the foetus.
- Create awareness about sex-abuse and drawbacks of population explosion.
- Proper infrastructural and professional facilities to attain re[productive health standards.
Q.5. Why are non-medicated methods not as effective as the copper ions releasing Intra Uterine Devices?
Answer- The non-medicated methods are less effective than the copper ions releasing IUDs because:
- The copper ions reduce the fertilizing capacity and the motility of the sperms.
- It phagocytosizes the sperms inside the uterus.
- It is safe, cost-effective, and convenient methods of contraception.
- The breastfeeding can use it with no fear of any side-effects.
Q.6. What are the factors responsible for the population explosion in India?
Answer- The following factors are responsible for the population explosion in India:
- The rural people are not aware of the consequences of the increasing population.
- Poverty.
- The desire to have a male child.
- Death rate decline.
- Increase in the young population of reproductive age.
- Reduction in the infant and maternal mortality rates.
Q.7. Explain in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in brief.
Answer- In IVF and ET techniques, the male and female gametes are made to fertilize in the laboratory environment. The zygote thus formed is introduced in the uterus of the acceptor during the secretory phase. The eight-celled embryos or the early embryos are transferred to the fallopian tube while the embryos more than eight cells are transferred to the uterus.
Q.8. When is the medical termination of pregnancy advised by the doctors?
Answer- The medical termination of pregnancy is advised under the following circumstances:
- If the pregnancy endangers the health (physical/mental) of the woman.
- If the child is malformed or handicapped
- In cases of rape
- If the girl is unmarried. Consent of the guardian is required.
- In the case of mentally ill mothers
Q.9. What are the important features of an ideal contraceptive?
Answer- Following are the features of an ideal contraceptive:
- It is safe
- It is cost-effective
- Its effect can be reversed
- It is highly effective
- It can be administered easily
- Does not require any medical supervision
- It lasts long
- It is independent of coitus
Q.10. Justify the statement, “All reproductive tract infections are sexually transmitted diseases, but all sexually transmitted diseases are not reproductive tract infections.”
Answer- The reproductive tract infections are transferred from one partner to another during sexual intercourse. Hence called sexually transmitted diseases. For eg., gonorrhoea, genital herpes, syphilis, etc. However, some sexually transmitted diseases such as hepatitis, AIDS are transferred during sexual intercourse but do not cause any infections in the reproductive tract or genitals. These are therefore not referred to as reproductive tract infections.
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