Branches of Biology

Following are the main branches of biology:

• Anatomy – the study of organisms structures
  >Comparative anatomy – the study of evolution of species through similarities and differences in their anatomy
  >Histology – the study of tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
  ●Astrobiology (also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy) – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe
  ●Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
  ●Biological engineering – the attempt to create products inspired by biological systems or to modify and interact with the biological systems
  ●Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
  ●Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
  ●Biolinguistics – the study of the biology and evolution of language
  ●Biomechanics – the study of the mechanics of living beings
  ●Biomedical research – the study of health and disease
  ●Biophysics – the study of biological processes by applying the theories and methods traditionally employed in the physical sciences
  ●Biotechnology – the study of the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
  ●Synthetic biology – research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
  ●Botany – the study of plants
  >Phycology – scientific study of algae
  >Plant physiology – concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants
  ●Cell biology – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
  ●Chronobiology – the study of periodic events in living systems
  ●Cognitive biology – the study of cognition
  ●Conservation biology – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
  ●Cryobiology – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
  ●Developmental biology – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
  >Embryology – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
  >Gerontology – study of ageing processes
  ●Ecology – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
  ●Evolutionary biology – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
  ●Genetics – the study of genes and heredity
  >Genomics – the study of genomes
  >Epigenetics – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
  ●Immunology – the study of the immune system
  ●Marine biology (or biological oceanography) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
  ●Microbiology – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
  >Bacteriology – the study of bacteria
  >Mycology – the study of fungi
  >Parasitology – the study of parasites and parasitism
  >Virology – the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
  ●Molecular biology – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
  ●Nanobiology – the application of nanotechnology in biological research, and the study of living organisms and parts on the nanoscale level of organization
  ●Neuroscience – the study of the nervous system
  ●Paleontology – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
  ●Pathobiology or pathology – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
  ●Pharmacology – the study of the interactions between drugs and organisms
  ●Physiology – the study of the functions and mechanisms occurring in living organisms
  ●Phytopathology – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
  ●Psychobiology – the application of methods traditionally used in biology to study human and non-human animals behaviour
  ●Quantum biology – the study of the role of quantum phenomena in biological processes
  ●Systems biology – the study complex interactions within biological systems through a holistic approach
  ●Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysicsconcerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
  ●Theoretical biology – the branch of biology that employs abstractions and mathematical models to explain biological phenomena
  ●Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, evolution and behaviour, including:
  >Ethology – the study of animal behaviour
  >Entomology – the study of insects
  >Herpetology – the study of reptiles and amphibians
  >Ichthyology – the study of fish
  >Mammalogy – the study of mammals
  >Ornithology – the study of birds