Detailed Chapter-wise CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus
Unit VI. Reproduction
Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Asexual reproduction Modes of reproduction-Asexual and sexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies, and examples; Outbreedings devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit VII. Genetics and Evolution
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex-linked inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorder in humans – Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation – Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (Paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution – Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
Unit VIII. Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter-8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; Cancer, HIV, and AIDs; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single-cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture, and Animal husbandry.
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics, production, and judicious use.
Unit IX. Biotechnology and Its Applications
Chapter-11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application
Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy, and patents.
Unit X. Ecology and Environment
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, Population and ecological adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services – carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; the importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites.
Chapter-16: Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; anyone case study as success story addressing the environmental issue(s).
| Unit | Marks |
| VI – Reproduction | 14 |
| VII – Genetics and Evolution | 18 |
| VIII – Biology and Human Welfare | 14 |
| IX – Biotechnology and its Applications | 10 |
| X – Ecology and Environment | 14 |
| Total Marks | 70 |
Class 12 Biology Practical Syllabus – List of Experiments
The total time alloted for Practical exam is 3 hours for 30 marks
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
| One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 1,3,7,8) | 5 Marks |
| One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 6,9,10,11,12,13) | 4 Marks |
| Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No- 2,4,5) | 5 Marks |
| Spotting Part B | 7 Marks |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 Marks |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 5 Marks |
| Total | 30 Marks |
List of Experiments
- Study and description of three locally available common flowering plants, one from each of the families Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Liliaceae including dissection and display of floral whorls, anther, and ovary to show a number of chambers.
- Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).
- Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
- Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves).
- Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
- Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
- Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats. Detection in suitable plant and animal
materials. - Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.
- Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.
- Test for presence of urea in urine.
- Test for presence of sugar in urine.
- Test for presence of albumin in urine.
- Test for presence of bile salts in urine.
Click Here to download Marking Scheme and Curriculum
CBSE Curriculum 2020-21
Marking Scheme
http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/SQP/ClassXII_2019_20/Biology_MS.pdf
Easy Biology 